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summer , more summerly – WatteauAnd a little question beforehandthat was put up to us recently by the Artistic Development Coordinator of a theatre group in the Australian Queensland in connection with our tracing of Watteau’s models in the œuvre of Ridinger, if we would possibly know origin and melody of the following lovely vers “ We will wander on together , through the sunny summer weather to our cosy little château like a pastoral by Watteau ”. One had already come to know that the song figurated in Noel Coward’s “We were dancing” – and just his “Shadow Play” it shall enrich now – , but the informant was neither able to verify the original source nor the melody and also “Coward’s Complete Recordings” were negative. And therefore for the time being one strives to hear the melody from within of oneself, but would like to know more beyond the staging. Can someone lend a helping hand ? In the meantime here beyond all temporal sunny summer weather three “Watteaus” recently discovered by your ridinger gallery, how Ridinger caught their atmosphere and animated it in the velvety engraving of the precious mezzotint technique, inviting his and Watteau’s friends to let never end summer time inside via the four walls at home.
A Sun in the Work of WatteauCythera (Cerigo)– the Isle of Love in Greek Mythologypicked up by Ridinger as found out here for the first timeRidinger, Johann Elias (Ulm 1698 – Augsburg 1767). The Cythera Lady (“Impudent but yet Gallant”). Coquettish grande dame in three-quarter figure to the right, draped as richly as sophisticatedly up to pear jewels and gown falling three-dimensionally mussel-shaped, dancing with the arms spread in deeply staggered landscape whereby the opened right downright reaches for the ripe grapes on the left as an arthistorical symbol of fertility following psalm 128,3. In the background a two-master lies under sails before the coast of a mountainous landscape. Mezzotint. Inscribed: I. El. Ridinger excud. A. V. 48.8 x 35.4 cm. Schwarz 1471 + plate II, XXX. – Not in Thienemann (1856) + Stillfried (1876) and here besides the copies of von Gutmann (Schwarz, 1910) + Count Faber-Castell (1958) not provable elsewhere. – Mounted by old at the corners on especially wide-margined buff laid paper which is slightly browned at two outer margins. – Right with tiny papermargin, otherwise mostly trimmed to platemark. – Subtext in German-Latin. Till now its motto served as title due to not understanding the contents of the picture :
Impudent but yet gallant . Impudence herself dances here , and is yet called gallant . The, what literature overlooked till now, wonderful sujet inspired by Watteau in a brilliant impression of best condition of a cultivated collection of perfectly bright chiaroscuro in all parts. And in such a manner of quite extraordinary rarity not only on the market as quoted above, but in general, too. Already in 1675 the expert von Sandrart numbered “clean prints” of the velvety mezzotint manner at only c. “50 or 60” (!). “Soon after (the picture) grinds off for it not goes deeply into the copper.” Correspondingly Thienemann in 1856 : “ The mezzotints are almost not to be acquired on the market anymore … Not even there then the one here which subsequently remained unknown to Count Stillfried 20 years later, too! Thematically of highest charm it is Ridinger’s autonomously treated recourse to that complex in the work of the contemporary of his early years that counts in its time and from then till today to the most admired paintings in art history, to Antoine Watteau’s (Valenciennes 1684 – Nogent-sur-Marne 1721) CYTHERA COMPLEX with the “Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera” (the Ionian island Cerigo as the lover’s isle of Greek mythology) of the Louvre as the primus inter pares by which Watteau reached his admission to the Académie on Saturday, August 28, 1717, “as painter of the ‘fête galante’” as the original title “Le pélerinage à l’isle de Cithère” was correctingly re-titled in the record of the session. It is “ (t)he work that unites all qualities of W.’s art ” (Jahn 1957). Of equal standing “The Embarkation to Cythera” in Berlin as the supposedly last Watteau acquisition by Frederick the Great (between 1752 and 1765) whose purchase from the Hohenzollern for 15 million marks in the past early 80s was then as spectacular as cheap from today’s point of view. Listed as replica only by literature for long “The differences between the two version (are) numerous”. Early predecessor of both is “The Isle of Cythera” from 1709, also purchased in the early 80s for the Städel in Frankfort/Main, “an upbeat … the first idea for the celebrated works in the Louvre and in Berlin”.
Contrary to the handed down literary source repeated by Pierre Rosenberg François Moureau’s contribution (Watteau in his Time) at the same place, see ending (pp. 469 ff. and here especially p. 500) opens a differing point of view :
Otherwise, and this has to be taken up again for Ridinger’s “Cythera Lady”, there also is no common opinion if the Louvre painting – and analogously the one in Berlin – represents a leaving to or a return from the island. Ultimately both are “just as much a ‘Pilgrimage’ as an allegory. The island itself is a ‘non lieu’, a place thought (Schefer, 1962). The painting is both inaction and action, a moment in the time and timeless”.
Both the paintings in Frankfort as in Berlin were engraved in 1730 and 1733 resp. for the “Recueil Jullienne” as Watteau’s complete edition published by the friend and collector Jean de Jullienne. And doubtless this gallery work served Ridinger for his works after Watteau, so also for Thienemann-Stillfried 1396/97 and Schwarz 1464/65, Schwarz 1458 (supposedly more correctly only indirectly with, see currently here per 28,407) + 1460 (28,403) which he copied by no means slavishly (as at least 1397 could convey to the only inattentive look), from which he just borrowed a detail in cases (1460 and, quite conditionally only, 1458) or, according to the current knowledge here at least, was just inspired by these as in the case of the “Cythera Lady” here, at which precautionarily Thienemann’s remark to the set of the Four Seasons 1181/84 should not be overlooked according to which Ridinger quoted “from the works of (Hyacinthe) Rigaud (1659-1743) and other French picture painters”. At least his “Cythera Lady” is neither taken from Watteau’s three Cythera paintings nor from his “Coquettes” in Petersburg also published in print in the Recueil Jullienne of which one, the one with the mask, also plays into the Cythera theme and who Ridinger borrowed thematically autonomously for his “Lady with the Mask”. And via this the coquette of “Impudent but yet Gallant” (“gallant” quite in the wording of sources + literature: “come and be witness of our gallant parties”; “Watteau’s gallant ships”; “Cythera is an idealization of the new ‘gallant’ style of aristocratic life”) reveals herself actually only, though consequently. For from the intensive occupation with Watteau substantiated in such a way and going beyond Stillfried/Schwarz’ 4-sheet set above, here lately proven for Schwarz 1460, too, the question about the sense of the ship in the background arises by itself. Which Watteau’s work answers readily. Together also not answering the question at which station of the journey the lady has to be seen. In regard of the mountains raising behind the ship the island only should be visited according to the interpretation above. However: the lady turns her back to the ship and the scenical voluptuousness of the foreground with the dominating vine bearing full grapes as synonym for Bacchus who is that important in the sources offer the impression of happiness on the island, for which she stands by herself, too. And both during the departure of the Louvre painting and during the supposed forthcoming return of that in Berlin the groups are predominantly placed at the water, they look more or less at it and in the case of the Berlin picture at the ship, too. Only the painting in Frankfort gives the impression beyond of departure and return. That is the destination itself, the joyful enjoyment. Accordingly the dominating central group is turned to the viewer. Quite as Ridinger’s now “Lady”. With the ship lying visibly behind in her back, whose sails are nevertheless still “swollen by the love”. The heights may then be just a repoussoir, particularly as their existence on the Louvre painting stressed today remained unknown to Ridinger as it was not engraved in the 18th century. That in the end Watteau warmed himself in no way at the purely mythological Aphrodite cult the “Sailboats of Saint-Cloud” of his days prove. These “boats of joys drove the townspeople allured by a short gallant adventure from Paris to the park of Saint-Cloud, the residence of the House of Orléans. The mystic superimposition of the theme of the travel to Cythera and the escapade to Saint-Cloud is perfectly present to the people of that time”. And accordingly the marble balustrade of the picture in Frankfort “that reminds of the Borromaeic islands is quite prosaically inspired by the railing at the small cascade in Saint-Cloud”. Accordingly
(Moureau). Remains the never ending discussion of a never ending theme. And a reference to its richly illustrated and documented treatment in the Watteau Catalogue by Morgan Grasselli and Rosenberg to the 1984/85 touring exhibition Washington – Paris – Berlin, from which, with the exception of that by Jahn, all quotations have been taken (see there i. a. on G 9, G 61 + G 62). And it remains a “Minimized Ridinger” (Niemeyer) surprising again with a thematically quite extraordinarily charming + optically quite marvellous sheet of together exceptional rarity by which he closes up to Watteau of whom Moureau states :
(Moureau). – Quite as Ridinger. For whom after the evidences of manifold intensive occupation with Watteau above, all inscribed with the “excudit” only, last, but not least, is confirmed that his “excudit”, beginning with Thienemann commonly regarded as the publisher’s address only though in the sense of Langenscheidt it can in fact include the inventor/sculptor as additionally “has engraved or worked it”, at least partially refers to himself as the artistic spiritus rector indeed and not just at the publisher. The “ipse inv.” on the famous “Self-Portrait in the Forest”, Thienemann XIX, 1, perhaps attached only erroneously by Martin Elias on occasion of his transfer to the plate, is in this regard nevertheless clear. It is equally clear, too, as lately proven here, that this “Self-Portrait” has its great example: the double portrait Watteau-Jullienne “Besides you I sit, below these lovely shadowy trees” of the “Recueil Jullienne”.
Dietrich, Christian Wilhelm Ernst, called Dietricy (Weimar 1712 – Dresden 1774). The Nymphs. – Die Nymphen. Numerous group, more or less dressed, at a small pond below rocks, accompanied by putti and goats and sheep. On the left a little waterfall. Steel engraving by Alboth. 3rd quarter of the 19th century. Inscribed: W. E. C. Dietrich pinxt. / Aboth sc., otherwise as above. 15.5 x 17.6 cm. With Watteau’s “ Coquettes ”+ the “ Italian Comedy ” as Origin ?Even the Great Desmares ?Ridinger, Johann Elias (Ulm 1698 – Augsburg 1767). The Lady with the Mask. Three-quarter figure sitting to the right at a pillar, the head bowed to the left, holding in her right, “a classic symbol”, a black mask. Mezzotint. Inscribed: I. El. Ridinger excud. A. V., otherwise as following. 48.6 x 34.9 cm. Schwarz 1458 + plate II, XVII. – Not in Thienemann (1856) + Stillfried (1876) and besides the copies of von Gutmann (Schwarz, 1910) + Counts Faber-Castell (1958) here not provable elsewhere. – Mounted by old at the corners on especially wide-margined buff laid paper which is slightly browned at three outer margins. – Three sides nearly throughout with tiny margins, only on the left predominantly trimmed to platemark. – Subtext in German-Latin:
Different from the outside than on the inside . Black on the outside and masked , on the inside white and beautiful . According to Schwarz “reverse copy after Coypel ‘Mad. de ** (Mouchy) en habit de Bal’, engraved by L. Surugue” (in that case supposedly more correctly in reverse after Surugue and thus again side-correct to Coypel as the mask rests in the right hand). – Identical with Thieme-Becker’s (Charles-Antoine Coypel, 1694 Paris 1752, vol. VIII, p. 28/I) “‘Mme de Mombay’ (pastel, engraved by Surugue)”? Nagler, Pierre Louis Surugue, Paris 1717 – 1771, no. 4 with the addition in brackets “Mouchy” as taken over by Schwarz, nevertheless adding “ Some believe the lady is Mme. de Pompadour ” . Anyhow, so Thieme-Becker, “(Coypel) co-worked at the decorations of the palace at Versailles, the chambers of Maria Lesczynskas and Mad. de Pompadour”. To the opinion here, however, the real origin, as it should have been realized by Ridinger, too, may be more complex and leading back to Watteau. And here to the “Coquettes” in Petersburg of about 1714/15 published shortly before 1731 in the Recueil Jullienne with calling in of “The Italian Comedy” in Berlin of about 1718 reproduced for the Recueil in 1734 (see G 29 + G 65 with (comparative) illustrations in the Watteau Catalogue mentioned above). With the “Coquettes” it is the lady on the outer left of the group of four with the black boy at the balustrade who as the only one holds a black mask in her right. Her likewise low-necked gown is nevertheless not identical with the “Lady with the Mask” who neither wears headgear though hair ornaments. That “at first she did not wear headgear … (also was) dressed differently and had laid her mask on the balustrade” may have been known to Coypel perhaps, the Recueil engraving shows her already changed though. Just as already the opinions diverge if Watteau’s Cythera complex shows departure, return or stay, so in regard of the “Coquettes”
(Pierre Rosenberg in Watteau Catalogue on G 29, the “Coquettes”). At least the Desmares could belong to such a group of friends of the artist. Since
(François Moureau in Watteau Catalogue, pp. 478 f.). And Nemilova also sees the Desmares in the “Dreameress” in Chicago. On this Rosenberg ad G 26 :
But there then by headgear and position only at the outer left, the – only – one with the mask! In this regard it neither can be overlooked that the – secured – actress of the “Italian Comedy” situated in the middle distance left herself is the only one of the group with a mask, here hold in her left. Because
(Moureau, op. cit., p. 530). Finally noticeable that the “Dreameress”, the “Nervous Lover” (ills. 1 at G 26) as the actress with the mask of the “Italian Comedy” always sit/stand to the right, but look to the left. Quite as Ridinger’s “Lady with the Mask” after, so Schwarz, Coypel who shows himself tied to Watteau here and who painted the portrait of the Desmares. Without knowing its engraving by Lépicié nevertheless the objection: is “ The Lady with the Mask ” the Desmares ? See the detail of the portrait ascribed to Santerre in the Watteau Catalogue, p. 525, with the remark the painter “often idealized (his models) by giving them a sophisticated and oval face”. Such one distinguishes the lady here, too, whose thoughtful-dreamy look is closer to the “Nervous Lover” than the “Dreameress” just showing self-confidence. Finally amazingly the accord of the bearing of sit and head at Coypel/Ridinger + Santerre, at the latter only to the left with look to the right. Only in pure regard to the ball though the picture appears as a review after the return from the ball. With the mask as not only as an outward attribute, but “as an symbol in love-affairs” (Rosenberg). Just such Madame would be lost in thought here. Keeping in mind Ridinger’s intensive occupation with Watteau his “excudit” for this optically so especially beautiful sheet is read like for an own work as above, too. As then also ditto in respect of printing and conservation.
Lancret, Nicolas (1690 Paris 1743). La Fête Champêtre. The party in the open with the dancing pair. Below trees before grain-filed and property set back in the hills. In front right a gentleman teaching a dog giving paw. Steel engraving by Albert Henry Payne (London 1812 – Leipsic 1902). Ca. 1845. Inscribed: N. Lancret pinxt. / A. H. Payne sc., otherwise as above. 15.2 x 17.1 cm. Lancret’s – “one of the most famous beside of Watteau” (Nagler) –very charming sujet, probably after one of the Berlin war losses “Dancing Couple in the Open” or “The Party in the Open” (Bernhard, Verlorene Werke der Malerei, pp. 69 f.). Friendly with Watteau since the days of joint education in Gillot’s study the connection broke up when Lancret exhibited two paintings in the manner of the friend of which one believed this himself had painted them and congratulated him accordingly. The False “Cellist” of Literature –A True Watteau !Ridinger, Johann Elias (Ulm 1698 – Augsburg 1767). The Gamba Player (Viola ga gamba). The collector Bougi with hat with plume below raised rich drapery, playing a viole de gambe with 7 chords and 7 ribs. Three quarter figure, sitting frontally to the left, the bowing right laid upon brickwork while to the right the balustrade of a terrace follows, opening the view on seven cypresses. From their centre a fountain shoots up. Mezzotint based on a detail by Watteau. After 1734. Inscribed: I. El. Ridinger excud. A. V. 48.5 x 35.1 cm.
Schwarz 1460 + plate II, XIX (erroneously as “The Cellist”). – Not in Thienemann (1856) + Stillfried (1876) and with the exception of Baron Gutmann (Schwarz, 1910) here not provable elsewhere. Already as “Very rare” (1894 Boerner LV, 317) to be found at best (so with Rosenthal 1940, correctly as viola, Counts Faber-Castell 1958 + K&F 1979) the version Schwarz 1459, plate II, XVIII, concentrated exclusively on the player set into a frame with subtext, whose features up to the ear are worked perceptibly slightly less expressive and detailed, and this quite analogously to hat and plume, but also to the button tape of the jacket. Yet unknown to all though the reference to Watteau to whom the richer version here is inevitably closer. Preserved in just one copy (Saint-Omer), Ridinger borrowed the sujet from Watteau’s “Bucolic Concert”, so the title of the reverse engraving Benoit II Audran worked for the “Recueil Jullienne” in 1734, which should have served Ridinger, just as other sheets of the “Recueil”, as model, not without having restored the side-correctness for his purpose: M. Bougi bows with his right! Assumed for 1716/17 Watteau’s painting – see its Audran representations in the Watteau Catalogue, pp. 33, 156, 351 and, as detail of Bougi, 551 – assembles in front of a park scenery with cypresses a party making music and singing with the gamba player shown in full figure as its centre. That this is the collector Bougi from Watteau’s circle of friends was handed down by the art dealer Mariette of whom by the way it was contested if he himself was also acquainted with Watteau. But in regard of Bougi there is uncertainty, too, as there are three possible. Who of these might have played an instrument? Otherwise
(see on this op. cit. pp. 33 f. + 43). Ridinger now focusses the player indeed, but at the same time, and this contrary to Schwarz 1459, he gives his supposed ambience, also important for Watteau, back to him by rich drapery and park view. For his “Huntress” Thienemann 1110 Ridinger by the way used a park background equally determined by significantly upshooting cypresses. With Subtext in German-Latin : Empty thoughts banished with empty sound . Alleged as own work as before, ditto in respect of printing and conservation. In the left knee quite minimal trace of scratching. – THE EXCEPTIONALLY RARE ALMOST UNIQUE SHEET of bewitching charm .
Watteau, Antoine (Valenciennes 1684 – Nogent-sur-Marne 1721). Fête Champêtre. Company enjoying themselves amorously and gallantly in a park above of a pond with a statue of Venus on the right with cupid contending for the quiver with arrows. Steel engraving by Albert Henry Payne (London 1812 – Leipsic 1902). Ca. 1840. Inscribed: Watteau pinxt. / A. H. Payne sc., otherwise as above. 15.7 x 16.7 cm. Side-correct reproduction of the “admirable love party in Dresden” – Watteau Catalogue Washington etc. 1984/85, p. 407, ills. 3 – , thematically belonging to the “Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera” and the “Embarkation to Cythera” resp. in Paris and Berlin resp. (nos. 61 f. of the catalogue with ills.) in which the statue follows the latter, but without the second putto in the back of the goddess and the faun head and the Mars attributes at the pedestal.
Chodowiecki, Daniel (Danzig 1726 – Berlin 1801). Blind-Man’s Buff. – Blindekuhspiel. A gentleman together with a lady amidst a numerous party in a manorial garden below of ancient stature. On the right poplar walk, on the left the house. Steel engraving by Albert Henry Payne (London 1812 – Leipsic 1902). Ca. 1845. Inscribed: D. Chodowiecki pinxt. / A. H. Payne sc., otherwise as above. 17.7 x 20.2 cm. The larger-sized very charming sujet of 1768 in the succession of Watteau after the lost painting in Berlin (Bernhard, Verlorene Werke der Malerei, p. 15).
Watteau, Antoine (Valenciennes 1684 – Nogent-sur-Marne 1721). The Terrace – Die Terrasse. Two separate companies in a park, the one in front with guitarist trying to win his belle. On the left a gallant shows his reverence to the back of a stone nymph while on the right two young girls rob a rose bush. Steel engraving by (supposedly Edward John, about 1797 – 1865) Roberts. Ca. 1840. Inscribed: Watteau pinxt. / Roberts sc., otherwise as above. 15.6 x 16.7 cm. After the painting in Dresden, close to the Berlin “Party in the Open” with its central bench group, in its composition also to the “Isle of Cythera” in the Städel in Frankfort as expected with precise terrace in the lateral back field, items G 63 and G 9 together with (colour) illustrations of the Watteau Catalogue Washington etc. 1984/85.
Thomas Stothard (1755 London 1834). The Bathers. Seven graces bathing in a mountain rivulet in rich landscape. Coloured steel engraving by Charles Cousen (Yorkshire c. 1819 – 1889). Inscribed: T. Stothard, R. A. Painter. / C. Cousen, Engraver., otherwise as before. 21 x 24.3 cm. Brilliant in romance and colours. – Stothard “belongs to the minds who soared up from the depth to fame … In view of the strictness of style his drawings … (belong) to the best achievements of the English school” (Nagler). – See the complete description.
(Mr. J. R. L., January 6, 2006) |